Tambaboon official blog: G024_｟Past perfect｠ Basic principles of grammar 【Tambaboon English Grammar Lab】英文法英語

Example sentence
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When I came home, my family had finished dinner.
私が帰宅したとき、家族は夕食を食べ終えていた

English grammatical rules
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Previous posts

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Past Perfect ［had+past participle］

01 Completed Action Before Something in the Past

The Past Perfect expresses the idea that
something occurred before another action in the past.
It can also show that something happened
before a specific time in the past.

I had never seen such a beautiful beach before I went to Bali island.
I did not have any money because I had lost my wallet.
We were not able to get a hotel room because we had not booked in advance.

02 Duration Before Something in the Past (Non-Continuous Verbs)

We use the Past Perfect to show that
something started in the past and
continued up until another action in the past.

We had had that car for ten years before it broke down.

03 Reporting our experience that happened in the past

We often use a clause with since to show
when something started in the past:

I was sorry when the factory closed. I had worked there since I left school.

When we are reporting our experience and including up to the (then) present:

My eighteenth birthday was the worst day I had ever had.

For something that happened in the past but is important at the time of reporting:

I couldn’t get into the house. I had lost my keys.

To be continued next post.

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日本語解説 (Japanese)
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完了形をマスターするシリーズ第七回

前回の投稿はコチラ：

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過去完了 ［had+past participle］

現在完了 を、
過去の一点を基準時に変換して
過去方向へずらしたものが 過去完了

01　過去の１点における完了や結果

共に使われる副詞：

when S 過去形…「…したときには」,
by ～「～までに（は）」,
at that time = then 「そのときには」,

already,
just,

The train had already started when I arrived at the station.
駅に着いた時、列車は既に出発してしまっていた

02 過去の１点における継続

共に使う期間副詞：

for ～ hours/days/month/years,
since ～,
all these days/weeks/months/years,
so far,
How long,

The teacher had taught English for about 20 years when he retired.
その教師は退職したときには20年英語を教えていた
その教師は20年間英語を教えた後退職した

03　過去の１点における経験

共に使われる副詞：

never 「一度も～ない」,
seldom = rarely 「めったに～ない」,
often,
sometimes,
ever,
before,
once, twice, three/four... many times ,